Dog bites can be a serious concern, not only because of the immediate injury and tissue damage but also due to the risk of infection.
Knowing the signs of an infected dog bite is crucial for timely treatment and preventing complications from developing.
In this complete resource guide, we explain what you need to know to identify symptoms of an infection and what steps to take after you or a loved one is bitten by a canine (a dog) to prevent the wound from getting infected (invasion and growth of germs from the dog’s mouth in the injured area).
Let’s start our discussion with the following infographic. It previews the most common types of infections caused by dog bites.
This infographic contains a list of potential infections caused by dog bite wounds.
Understanding the Cause of Dog Bite Infections
Dog bites, especially puncture wounds, are likely to result in infection because dogs’ mouths are full of bacteria and viruses that can enter the body when a dog’s teeth break the skin.
The odds of infection depend on both the characteristics of the wound and the victim’s health (patients with weakened immune systems caused by conditions such as diabetes, HIV/AIDS, or leukemia are at a higher risk of having a dog bite develop into an infection).
What Are the First Signs of an Infected Dog Bite?
The first signs of an infected dog bite injury include redness, swelling, warmth around the bite area, and increasing pain. If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s vital to monitor the wound closely and seek medical attention if they worsen.
How to Tell a Dog Bite Is Infected?
The signs to look for to know if a dog bite is infected include:
- Redness and Swelling: One of the first signs of an infection is redness around the bite area. Swelling may also occur, indicating inflammation and the body’s response to fight off the infection.
- Warmth: If the area around the bite feels warm to the touch, it could be a sign of infection. This warmth is due to increased blood flow as the immune system attempts to combat the bacteria.
- Pain: While some pain is expected with any bite, increasing or severe pain can be a sign of infection. If the pain worsens over time instead of improving, it’s a red flag.
- Pus or Discharge: The presence of pus or any unusual discharge from the wound is a clear indication of infection. Pus is a thick fluid that can be white, yellow, green, or brown. It results from the body’s immune response to bacteria and primarily consists of dead white blood cells, bacteria, and dead tissue debris.
- Fever: A sign of a systemic infection is experiencing fever. If you develop a fever after a dog bite, indicating that the infection may be spreading beyond the local area of the bite, which can be life-threatening.
- Lymphangitis: This serious condition refers to the inflammation of the lymphatic system, a complication of skin infections. Signs include red streaks extending from the bite area to an armpit or groin and require immediate medical attention. Treatments typically include antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medicines.
- Swollen Lymph Nodes: Swelling of the lymph nodes, particularly those nearest to the bite (such as in the neck, armpits, or groin), can indicate that the body is fighting an infection.
- Abscess Formation: An abscess is a pocket of pus that forms at the site of infection. It can be painful and may require drainage by a healthcare professional.
How Can I Tell if the Infection Is Spreading?
Signs that the infection from the dog bite is spreading include fever, chills, swollen lymph nodes, and red streaks extending from the bite area (lymphangitis). These symptoms indicate that the infection may be moving beyond the local area and require immediate medical attention.
Potential Infections Caused by Dog Bites
If left untreated, an infected dog bite can lead to severe complications, including:
Sepsis
Sepsis is a life-threatening but treatable medical emergency that occurs when the chemicals released into the bloodstream as part of the body’s immune response to combat an infection damage its own tissues and organs.
The inflammation caused by sepsis can result in nerve damage and septic shock (the most severe stage of sepsis and has a mortality rate of over 30%), leading to potential organ failure and death in as little as 12 hours. Possible symptoms of sepsis include:
- Fever or hypothermia
- Shortness of breath
- Shivering
- Unexplained sweating
- Low blood pressure
- Fast heart rate
- Mental confusion
Rabies
Rabies, although extremely rare in the United States (most states require pet owners to vaccinate their dogs for rabies), is a deadly disease that can be transmitted through the dog’s saliva when biting.
Immediate medical attention and vaccination are crucial if there is any reason to suspect rabies exposure (odds are higher when bitten by an unfamiliar dog, such as a stray).
This infographic includes a list of rabies symptoms from an infected dog bite.
Early signs of rabies infections in humans may appear similar to those experienced by people with the flu, such as fever, headache, and muscle pain. Later-stage symptoms may include:
- Agitation
- Excessive salivation
- Muscle spasms
- Partial paralysis
- Insomnia
- Paranoia
- Fear of drinking water (caused by trouble swallowing)
- Hallucinations
Tetanus
Tetanus, commonly known as lockjaw, is a serious and potentially life-threatening infectious disease caused by toxin-producing bacteria (Clostridium tetani).
This condition interferes with regular muscle contractions and affects the body’s nervous system, with dog bite victims at a greater risk for it if the puncture wound is deep.
People can experience tetanus symptoms as early as three days after exposure to Clostridium tetani.
This infographic includes a list of tetanus symptoms from an infected dog bite.
Early signs of tetanus in humans typically include painful spasms in the jaw muscles and stiffness throughout the body. Other symptoms include:
- Painful muscle stiffness throughout the body
- Difficulty swallowing
- Drooling
- A fast heart rate
- Irritability
- Spasms with an arched back
Tetanus has no cure. People with contaminated or deep flesh wounds require prompt medical treatment, including a preventative vaccination, before any symptoms develop (signs can take 3 to 21 days to appear).
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that adults receive a tetanus booster shot every ten years or sooner if it has been five or more years since they last received the vaccine and are dealing with a severe or dirty wound, such as a dog bite, as the efficacy of the vaccine wears off over time.
According to Penn Medicine, 1 out of 4 infected people will die of tetanus without treatment.
That said, tetanus can be fatal even with proper medical attention. The CDC says, in recent years, tetanus has been fatal in approximately 11% of reported cases (including patients who receive treatment).
Cellulitis
Cellulitis (pronounced sel-u-LIE-tis) is a treatable but potentially serious bacterial skin infection most commonly caused by the introduction of Streptococcus (strep) and Staphylococcus (staph) bacteria below the skin.
For dog bite wounds, the affected skin area will appear as a red rash and may be swollen, hot, and tender to the touch. Fluid-filled blisters may also be present. Other cellulitis symptoms may include:
- Pain
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Chills
- Sweating
- Pus
Without proper treatment using an antibiotic, cellulitis can spread rapidly and cause extensive tissue damage and tissue death, leading to sepsis or toxic shock syndrome.
Your odds of dying from cellulitis are very low with proper treatment.
According to a research study by Yale University School of Medicine doctors Craig G. Gunderson, Benjamin M. Cherry, and Ann Fisher, the mortality rate for patients hospitalized with cellulitis in the United States is only 0.5%.
Dog Bite Infection and Prevention FAQs
In this section, we answer our readers’ most frequently asked questions about the risk of infection in dog bites and what to do after an attack.
When to Seek Medical Attention for a Dog Bite?
It’s always a good idea to see a doctor if you suffer a dog bite, but it is essential to seek medical attention if you can’t stop the bleeding or notice any signs of infection. Additionally, you should see a doctor immediately if any one of these describes your situation:
- The bite is deep or has caused significant damage.
- You have not had a tetanus shot in the last five years.
- The dog that bit you was acting strangely or is not up-to-date on its rabies vaccinations.
- You experience symptoms such as fever, chills, or swollen lymph nodes.
What Should I Do Immediately After a Dog Bite to Prevent Infection?
To reduce the risk of infection, follow these self-care steps immediately after a dog bite:
- Stop the Bleeding: Apply pressure to the wound with a clean, dry cloth to stop the bleeding (if it doesn’t cease, you may need stitches to heal properly).
- Clean the Wound: Wash the bite area thoroughly with soap and water. This helps to remove bacteria and debris that can cause infection.
- Apply an Antiseptic: Use an antiseptic solution, such as rubbing alcohol or hydrogen peroxide, to clean and disinfect the wound of bacteria.
- Cover the Wound: Use a clean bandage to cover and protect the bite from further contamination.
- Monitor for Signs of Infection: Keep an eye on the wound for any symptoms of infection and seek medical attention if necessary.
What Are the Potential Complications of an Untreated Infected Dog Bite?
Untreated infected dog bites can lead to severe complications, including sepsis (a life-threatening condition where the infection spreads into the bloodstream), rabies, tetanus, and even death.
These conditions are dangerous and require prompt medical attention.
What Is Lymphangitis, and Why Is It a Concern With Dog Bites?
Lymphangitis is a severe medical condition characterized by inflammation or infection of the lymphatic system. Visual signs include red streaks extending from the bite area, indicating the infection is spreading and requires immediate medical attention.
Can a Dog Bite Cause Rabies?
Yes, a dog bite can potentially transmit rabies, especially if the dog is not vaccinated. According to the World Health Organization, dog bites and scratches cause 99% of human rabies cases worldwide (significantly less so in the United States).
Rabies is a deadly disease that attacks the nervous system, causing inflammation of the brain (Encephalitis).
Getting bitten by a rabid dog requires you to immediately seek medical treatment, as there is no treatment for rabies once symptoms appear (symptoms can occur in a few days or be delayed for more than a year after the bite incident), which almost always results in death.
If there is any reason to suspect the dog that attacked you has rabies, you should seek emergency medical attention and vaccination, as you will be running out of time.
How Much Does the Rabies Vaccine Cost for Humans?
Rabies vaccines for humans are expensive. According to the CDC, the cost for a course of human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG) and four vaccine doses will range from $1,200 to $6,500.
What Role Do Antibiotics Play in Treating an Infected Dog bite?
Physicians commonly prescribe antibiotics to treat bacterial infections resulting from dog bites. They help eliminate the bacteria causing the infection and prevent it from spreading to other parts of the body.
It’s essential to complete the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed by your doctor, even if you are feeling better already.
How Often Should I Check the Wound for Signs of Infection?
You should check the dog bite wound at least twice daily for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, warmth, pain, pus, or discharge. If you notice any of these signs, seek medical attention promptly.
How Often Should I Change Bandages on a Dog Bite?
You should change the bandage on a dog bite at least once daily or more if it gets wet or dirty to keep the wound clean and mitigate the risk of infection.
Understanding Liability for Dog Bite Attacks
Dog bite laws vary by state, but many states have statutes that hold dog owners liable for the first dog bite attack upon an innocent victim, even if there was no prior indication that the dog had a vicious propensity (prior display of violent and aggressive behavior).
These laws make it significantly easier for injured victims to successfully sue the pet owners, as the burden of proof is much lower.
In contrast, some states have what is called a “one bite rule,” which does not hold the dog owner liable for their biting dog attacking you if it was the first time and they had no reason to suspect their dog might act dangerously.
Can I Sue for a Dog Bite?
Yes. You can sue someone for their dog biting you in a civil lawsuit. It’s your legal right for the harm caused to you. If you have been bitten by a dog and incurred medical bills, you are entitled to seek damages to cover these costs.
This ability to hold those financially responsible is especially crucial, as a single visit to the emergency room with a rabies vaccine after a dog bite attack will likely cost thousands of dollars.
Continue reading to learn how to pursue compensation for your medical bills and other related expenses from the dog bite incident.
Steps to Take After a Dog Bite to Help Legally
- Seek Medical Attention: Your health is the top priority. Ensure you get the necessary medical treatment immediately after the dog attack. Document all medical visits, treatments, and expenses, as these will be crucial for your claim.
- Report the Incident: Report the dog bite to local animal control or law enforcement. This creates an official record of the incident, which can be used as evidence to support your claim.
- Gather Evidence: Collect evidence such as photographs of the injuries, witness statements, and any other relevant information that can support your case.
- Consult a Personal Injury Lawyer: A lawyer specializing in personal injury cases can guide you through the legal process and help you understand your rights. They can also assist in negotiating with insurance companies and representing you in court if necessary.
Filing a Claim for a Dog Bite Injury
Victims of dog bites are entitled to seek legal action against the owner of the dog that attacked them.
These cases operate similarly to motor vehicle injury claims, like a rear-end collision, in that you can sue for a settlement from the dog’s owner to recover the cost of your medical expenses and even pay for emotional damages (the “suffering” calculated in pain and suffering).
Here are the standard parts of this legal process you can expect:
- Determine the Dog Owner’s Liability: Establish that the dog owner is liable for the bite. This may involve proving that the owner was negligent or that the dog had a history of aggressive behavior.
- Calculate Your Damages: Your lawyer will help you calculate the total damages, including medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and any other related expenses.
- File a Lawsuit: If a settlement agreement between you and the dog owner (or their insurance company) cannot be reached, your lawyer may advise filing a lawsuit. This process, known as litigation, involves submitting a formal complaint to the court and serving it to the defendant (the dog owner).
Potential Damages in a Dog Bite Lawsuit
You can seek compensation for many types of damages, both economic and non-economic, including:
- Medical Expenses: This includes all costs related to treating the dog bite, such as hospital bills, medication, and rehabilitation, such as physical therapy costs.
- Lost Wages: If the injury caused you to miss work, you could claim compensation for lost income.
- Pain and Suffering: This covers the physical pain and emotional distress caused by the bite.
- Scarring: If the dog bite caused permanent visible scarring to your skin, you may be able to seek additional damages for this.
- Property Damage: If the dog bite attack damaged your personal property, such as your shirt or pants, you can seek compensation for repairs or replacement.
Get Legal Support From a Dog Bite Injury Lawyer
Navigating the legal system can be complex, but with the help of a personal injury lawyer who focuses their practice on dog bite cases, you can ensure that you receive fair compensation to cover your medical expenses and other damages.
Whether dealing with a dog bite incident or another type of personal injury, your lawyer’s expertise and compassion can significantly impact the outcome of your case.
In Summary About the Signs of Dog Bite Infections and Prevention
Understanding the signs of an infected dog bite and knowing when to seek medical help can prevent serious complications. Always take dog bites seriously and follow proper wound care procedures to ensure a swift recovery.
Doing so will not only help keep you healthy, but it will also help you seek financial damages via a legal case.
A Financial Option During Your Dog Bite Case: Pre-settlement Funding
After you hire a personal injury attorney to represent you on your dog bite claim, you can apply for non-recourse pre-settlement funding. It is the type of specialized financial assistance for plaintiffs we provide at Express Legal Funding.
Once approved, you can receive an advance on your potential settlement proceeds to cover your immediate expenses.
Since the funds are non-recourse (distinct from a lawsuit loan), you don’t have to worry about paying us back if, for some reason, you lose your case and end up with no financial recovery at the end.
It’s what makes it risk-free money for you and why our team of underwriters only seeks to fund cases with merit.
So, if you have a legitimate case and need money now to help cover the cost of living, call us anytime, 24/7, to learn more and apply for legal funding. With our fast service and lower rates, you can get more money now and later. We make it easy.
All it takes is a single phone call to kick-start your approval process with Express Legal Funding on your path to financial freedom while your case is pending.
